04 - James Madison Episodes

You asked and I answered! As we close the book on the Madison presidency series, listeners sent in questions about topics ranging from the War of 1812 to Madison's views on the judiciary to differences between his two vice presidents. Listen in to learn a little more about the Father of the Constitution and his tenure as president.

Year(s) Discussed: 1817-1836If James Madison hoped for a retirement from public life in the final years of his life, he would find it to be anything but. From helping found and lead the University of Virginia to serving in a state constitutional convention to writing articles and coordinating with presidents to defeat the menace of nullification, Madison remained a national figure after returning to Montpelier after his second term. When not serving others, the former President worked to get his personal finances in order and dealt with numerous family tragedies. Sources used for this episode can be found at https://www.presidenciespodcast.com.

Year(s) Discussed: 1815-1817As Madison prepared to hand off the presidency to James Monroe, numerous matters - both foreign and domestic - came to his desk. From revolutions in South America to internal improvement bills, the President continued to chart a course for his administration, even issuing a veto on his last full day in office, while other political leaders positioned themselves for a post-Madison political environment. Sources used for this episode can be found at https://www.presidenciespodcast.com.

Year(s) Discussed: 1815-1816While Madison's administration in its latter days worked to secure peace with Native peoples in the Gulf South, General Andrew Jackson decided to act unilaterally in Florida against a fortified settlement of people seeking their freedom from enslavement. Meanwhile, a volcanic eruption in southeast Asia had climatic impacts on the eastern seaboard of the US while the nation prepared for its 8th presidential election. Sources used for this episode can be found at https://www.presidenciespodcast.com.

Year(s) Discussed: 1813-1816In the aftermath of the War of 1812, the Madison administration is faced with multiple lingering issues. Looming large is how to support the recovery of the national economy, and Treasury Secretary Alexander J Dallas's proposed solution of a new national bank meets with determined opposition in Congress. Meanwhile, as the administration works to restore relations with Spain, the plans of American filibusters and the Mexican independence movement threaten those diplomatic efforts. Sources used for this episode can be found at https://www.presidenciespodcast.com.

Year(s) Discussed: 1814-1815As the British and Americans handed back over land captured during the recent War, the US government was finally able to turn its attention to the situation with Algiers and the American sailors that had been held captive by them for years. Meanwhile, in Europe, Napoleon set into motion his triumphal return to power. Little did he know, however, just how quickly a new Allied Coalition would come together to thwart his plans and what ramifications this would have for the geopolitical stage of the 19th century. Sources used for this episode can be found at https://www.presidenciespodcast.com.

Year(s) Discussed: 1814-1815In the latter days of the War of 1812, President Madison had to rebuild a shattered administration and a decimated capital city while still working to bring the military conflict to a resolution. Meanwhile, in New England, the British took control of a large portion of Maine, and Federalists agitated against what they saw as a tyrannical Southern-dominated federal government. Also in this episode, we reach the end of the epic tale that is the long and scandalous career of General James Wilkinson. Source used for this episode can be found at https://www.presidenciespodcast.com.

Year(s) Discussed: 1812-1815After failing to take Baltimore, the British turn their attention to the Gulf South in an attempt to land another blow to the Americans before the work of the peace commissioners brought the war to an end. However, they would find General Andrew Jackson ready to defend New Orleans with a diverse group of folks including veterans of the Creek War, free men of color, native warriors, and Baratarian pirates. Sources used for this episode can be found at https://www.presidenciespodcast.com.

Year(s) Discussed: 1814In the aftermath of the burning of Washington, DC, the Madison administration hardly had time to pick up the pieces before they had to turn their attention to a new British invasion of Baltimore. Meanwhile, the American negotiators in Europe worked to find a path to peace with their British counterparts, and General Andrew Jackson shifted his focus to the defense of Mobile. Sources used for this episode can be found at https://www.presidenciespodcast.com.

Year(s) Discussed: 1813-1814President Madison and his administration learned that the British were sending seasoned veterans of the Napoleonic Wars to fight American forces in the north as the new commander of the British North American fleet issued orders designed to attack the United States economically and militarily. The time of small raids on coastal communities was at an end. In August 1814, the British had their sights on Washington, DC. Sources used for this episode can be found at https://www.presidenciespodcast.com.

Year(s) Discussed: 1812-1815As the second year of the war against Britain wrapped up, the Madison administration found that little progress had been made. The invasion of Canada had stalled, and merchants in New England were undermining the war effort by continuing to trade with the British. Meanwhile, a new commander of the British North American squadron made plans to put greater pressure on the Americans. Sources used for this episode can be found at https://www.presidenciespodcast.com.

Year(s) Discussed: 1813-1814The Allied forces of Europe were drawing ever closer to the French capital in the early months of 1814, and the Emperor Napoleon had to consider what options remained for him and for his empire. Meanwhile, American diplomats in Europe worked to determine what impact events on the continent would have on negotiations with the British while President Madison appointed new commissioners to join the diplomats already in Europe. Sources used for this episode can be found at https://www.presidenciespodcast.com.

Year(s) Discussed: 1813-1814Within a few months' time, Andrew Jackson went from having a depleted force under his command to achieving one of the most decisive victories in his military career. In this episode, we explore how that transpired and the ramifications that this would have for the Native peoples of the Gulf South. Meanwhile, back in Washington, President Madison was in a showdown with the US Senate and had to make some decisions on how to stabilize his tumultuous administration. Sources used in this episode can be found at https://www.presidenciespodcast.com.

Year(s) Discussed: 1813As the War of 1812 moved into its second year, two American commanders on the northwestern frontier - William Henry Harrison and Oliver Hazard Perry - struggled against logistical challenges and political infighting to assemble their respective forces in order to finally accomplish what had been a goal of the US since war was declared on Britain in 1812: take the fight to the British in Canada. Sources used for this episode can be found at https://www.presidenciespodcast.com.

Year(s) Discussed: 1812-1813After the failed campaign in Russia, French Emperor Napoleon had to regroup. And by regroup, I mean launch another war, of course. It soon became clear, though, that the tide was shifting, and instead of a war of conquest, Napoleon was now fighting for the survival of his regime. Meanwhile, the Republic of Texas was proclaimed, but neither Spanish nor American authorities were too pleased about this development. Simultaneously, the government in Louisiana was dealing with the threat of pirates based in their vicinity while a pro-Spanish opposition was determined to put an end to the Republic of Venezuela only one year after its birth. Sources used for this episode can be found at https://www.presidenciespodcast.com.

Year(s) Discussed: 1813Tensions had been building between the Native inhabitants and the incoming American settlers in the Gulf South, and the year 1813 saw open hostilities which resulted in a joint operation planned by the US federal government and state and territorial governments in the area. However, the generals assigned to military operations against the Mvskoke would find that that victory wasn't as easy of a prospect as they had anticipated. Sources used for this episode can be found at https://www.presidenciespodcast.com.

Year(s) Discussed: 1813The 1812 ground campaign in the north may have been a bust, but with a new year and a new Secretary of War in place, surely the invasion of Canada would go better in 1813, right? Meanwhile, President Madison had to deal with trying to work with a contentious Congress as well as a bout of ill health that started to lead folks to pulling out the order of presidential succession, especially when Vice President Gerry took to his sickbed around the same time. On the seas, the USS Chesapeake faced off against a British ship in an encounter that inspired the unofficial Navy motto that is the title of this episode. Sources used for this episode can be found at https://www.presidenciespodcast.com.

Year(s) Discussed: 1810-1814Though it took a while, in 1813, news of the war between Britain and the US arrived on the West Coast and would have ramifications for the Americans at the Pacific trading post of Astoria. Meanwhile, President Madison with his second inauguration launched a reset of the administration's war efforts, though he would find his ambitions for East Florida shut down by Congress while General James Wilkinson continued to pose problems for his superiors in Washington. Sources used for this episode can be found at https://www.presidenciespodcast.com.

Year(s) Discussed: 1812-1813Though the French Army captured Moscow in the fall of 1812, Emperor Napoleon quickly learned that holding it and forcing the Russians to capitulate would prove to be a tougher prospect. Meanwhile, Russian Tsar Aleksandr, concerned about the impact of the War of 1812 on British resolve against France, puts forward an offer to bring about peace with the US, and in Paris, a plot is launched to overthrow the imperial government. Sources used for this episode can be found at https://www.presidenciespodcast.com.

Year(s) Discussed: Prehistory-1954Being in the midst of a war with Great Britain did not stop some Americans in the early 19th century from thinking about territorial expansion into Spanish-held colonies in the Americas including those in the Caribbean. For this episode, I am joined by Joseph Pascone, host of the Turning Tides Podcast, to examine the history of Puerto Rico, the key to the Antilles, and how numerous European powers vied for control of this island for centuries prior to it becoming a US commonwealth. During our discussion, we learn about some common developments and trends that took place both in Puerto Rico and what became the United States. Links referenced can be found at www.presidenciespodcast.com.Note: There are references to violence related to the colonial experience and enslavement throughout this episode.

Year(s) Discussed: 1811-1813As if the United States didn't have enough military conflicts to be involved in, agents of the Madison administration worked to support the efforts of would-be revolutionaries leading the Republican Army of the North to end Spanish control of New Spain. Meanwhile, Gen. William Henry Harrison had to deal with a rival general in his command in the Old Northwest who ended up making a costly strategic mistake. Sources used for this episode can be found at https://www.presidenciespodcast.com.Note: There is a brief mention of an incident of violence around the 15 1/2 minute mark that lasts for 30 seconds.

Year(s) Discussed: 1812-1813As the USS Constitution brought home the nation's first major victory in the War of 1812, the Madison administration had to carefully consider how to readjust its strategy in ground operations. New leaders started emerging in the field, but the President, after securing reelection, had to consider a Cabinet shakeup that would restore confidence that the conflict against Britain would not end with an embarrassing lost of territory and national prestige. Sources used for this episode can be found at https://www.presidenciespodcast.com.

Content Note: There is a mention of death by suicide in this episode around the 32 minute mark.Year(s) Discussed: 1811-1812Even after the declaration of war in 1812, US and British officials on both sides of the Atlantic continued to work towards a cessation of hostilities. At around the same time, French Emperor Napoleon was escalating the state of war in Europe by gathering the largest force seen on that continent to that point to take on the Russian Empire. Meanwhile, American diplomats and merchants in the Mediterranean found themselves on the wrong side of the British-allied Algerine government. Sources used for this episode can be found at https://www.presidenciespodcast.com.

Year(s) Discussed: 1812In the aftermath of the surrender of Detroit, the Madison administration had to consider whether its strategy against Britain had already gone awry in the early days of the War of 1812. Meanwhile, in East Florida, the arrival of a new colonial governor boded ill for the Patriot cause. Sources used for this episode can be found at https://www.presidenciespodcast.com.